Synthesis of N-[1-(2-Acetyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]benzamide and Its Copper(II) Complex.

This paper represents a convenient method for the synthesis of N-[1-(2-acetyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]benzamide and its Cu(II) complex. In silico analysis predicted spasmolytic activity for the compound. Based on the in silico calculations, the importance of the predicted ketoamide, and our previous experiments, we synthesized the ketoamide via ortho-acylation of N-[1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]benzamide with acetic anhydride in polyphosphoric acid. We applied the title ketoamide in reaction with Cu(II) varying the solvents. We found that the reaction leads to the formation of a coordination compound when the ligand dissolved in DMSO reacts with a water solution of CuCl2 in an alkaline environment in a molar ratio M : L : OH- = 1 : 2 : 2. The structures of the new compounds are discussed based on their melting points, IR, 1H, 13C NMR and Raman spectral data.

[CLINICO-MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF 68 CASES OF INVASIVE ENDOCERVICAL ADENOCARCINOMA].

UNLABELLED: Recent studies have demonstrate an increase in both relative and absolute frequency of the cervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) with incidence about 10-25% of all cervical malignancy. THE AIM: clinicopathological study of invasive ECA. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From 2007 to end of 2011, 68 cases of invasive ECA were collected. The tumors were classified according the WHO classification of tumors of Tumors of the Female Reproductive Organs 2014. RESULTS: The distribution of different histological types of ECA was as follow: Usual type-29 (42.65%); Endometroid type-15 (22.06%); Adenosquamous type-15 (22.06%); Villoglandular type-6 (8.82%); Signet-ring type-2 (2.94%); and Intestinal type-1(1.47%). The middle age of patients was 45 years and varied in large diapason 27-73 years. A synchrony presence of CIN and glandular dysplasia even to AIS in some cases with usual and adenosquamous type were detected. The clinical and morphological data of every type ECA was analised.

[A case of gynandroblastoma in a 16-year old girl and review of literature].

An ovarian tumor (gynandroblastoma) in a 16-year old girl is reported. Clinical presentation include abdominal pain, signs of virilization and irregular menstrual cycles. Ultrasound scan examination reveals a cystic mass in a left ovary. The patient underwent a left ovariosalpingectomy. Grossly, a cystic mass (73 x 42 x 36 mm) with smooth outer surface and with many cysts was found in the left ovary. The intraoperative diagnosis was ovarian adenocarcinoma. Postoperative histological examination reveals that the tumor was presented by two patterns- nodules and nests of juvenile granulose cell pattern admixed with Sertoli-Leydig pattern as tubules and cyst and scanty Sertoli cells. On immunohistochemical staining the Granulosa cells were negative for cytokeratin AE1-AE3 and positive for Vimentin. The Sertoli cells were androgen receptor positive. A year after operation the patient had no abdominal pain, the menstrual cycles are regular but the virilization persist. Histogenesis and differential diagnosis are discussed.

[A case of gynandroblastoma in a 16-year old girl and review of literature].

An ovarian tumor (gynandroblastoma) in a 16-year old girl is reported. Clinical presentation include abdominal pain, signs of virilization and irregular menstrual cycles. Ultrasound scan examination reveals a cystic mass in a left ovary. The patient underwent a left ovariosalpingectomy Grossly, a cystic mass (73x 42 x 36 mm) with smooth outersurface and with many cysts was found in the left ovary The intraoperative diagnosis was ovarian adenocarcinoma. Postoperative histological examination reveals that the tumor was presented by two patterns - nodules and nests of juvenile granulose cell pattern admixed with Sertoli-Leydig pattern as tubules and cyst and scanty Sertoli cells. On immunohistochemical staining the Granulosa cells were negative for cytokeratin AE1-AE3 and positive for Vimentin. The Sertoli cells were androgen receptor positive. A yar after operation the patient had no abdominal pain, the menstrual cycles are regular, but virilization persist. Histogenesis and differential diagnosis are discussed.

Current possibilities of cervical precancerous lesions screening in Slovakia: prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus in patients with cytological diagnoses of atypical squamous cells of unknown significance.

INTRODUCTION: It has been confirmed, that there is a causal relationship between persistent infection of high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and the development of cervical cancer. In population of women older than 30 years HPV infection becomes a significant etiological factor of precancerous lesion of the cervix, but HPV infection may spontaneously regress in the majority of the cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The analysed study group consisted of 397 samples with cytological diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS). All cases underwent HPV DNA testing using the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay. We analysed prevalence of HR-HPV and a viral load expressed as relative light units/cut off ratio (RLU/CO) in different age groups with cytological diagnoses of ASCUS. RESULTS: The prevalence of HR-HPV with cytological diagnoses of ASCUS was detected in 44 %. The prevalence of HR-HPV between patients aged 17-29 and between patients aged 30-40 was 55 % and 48 % respectively and we detected significant reduction of prevalence (28 %) in patients older than 41 years. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of presented study we assumed that age the 40 and over is crucial for the development of serious precancerous lesions in Slovakia, thus this age group is the most suitable for HPV triage of ASCUS. As a refinement of that type of ASCUS triage we recommend to add to the algorithm quantitative measurement of viral load in the specimens in the form of RLU/CO ratio (Fig. 3, Ref. 27).

Renal oncocytoma with invasive histopathologic features -  case report.

BACKGROUND: Renal oncocytoma is an uncommon tumor, classified as a benign renal neoplasm in the World Health Organisation classification of renal tumours. Despite it there were described several reports with invasive histopathologic features. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of renal oncocytoma with bizzare cells and invasion of renal sinus fat tissue. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of the case and a review of relevant literature. CONCLUSION: In order to set up the right dia-gnosis the perfect co- operation of clinicians and pathologists is necessary. In our opinion, in accordance with other authors, the renal oncocytomas should be considered as having a very low rather than no malignant potential, in spite of clinically benign behavior, supplementing a hypothesis, whether renal oncocytomas may be considered as a precancerous lesion of chromophobe carcinoma.

[Precancerous and cancerous lesions of the uterine cervix--risks of the morphological diagnostics].

In this article authors are analyzing the current state of the morphological-macroscopic and microscopic diagnostics of precancerous and cancerous tumors and lesions of the uterine cervix it is made a brief, retrospective view of the development of the relevant questions, examining closely the routinely applied procedures and indicators leading to possible risks of erroneous diagnostics. The evaluation is focusing on diagnostic problems within the area of cytological, as well as, histological analyses. Some lesions in endocervical pathology have the potential to be misinterpreted and are discussed as sources of false-positive smears in cytological diagnostics. More emphasis is placed on those benign lesions which mimics malignancy: ectopias, metaplasias and hyperplasias (mesonephric remants, endometriosis: tunnel clusters, tubal metaplasia, microglandular hyperplasia etc.).

[Endocervical adenocarcinoma--a current diagnostic problem].

Adenocarcinomas currently account for 15-20% of all invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix in developed countries. The tumor is asymptomatic in up to 20% of the cases and is usually discovered as result of abnormal Pap smears. Cytology smears however are relatively ineffective in detecting of the cervical adenocarcinoma and its precursors. Today, more effective methods are being implemented for the obtaining and interpretation of cytology smears such as the "liquid based Pap", the "Thin Prep imaging syst". This is required also due to the paucity of trained cytotechnicians and cytopathologists. The introduction of computer assisted system for screening raises the effectiveness of detecting LSIL and HSIL to 37% and 42% respectively The problem however with the diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma remains more complicated even with the introduction of the above mentioned techniques for a number of reasons. For instance, there are some morphological differences which delineate it from the squamous carcinoma. In everyday practice the pathologist is faced with the following more important issues surrounding the histologic diagnosis of the cervical adenocarcinoma: (1) the recognition of preivasive glandular lesions; (2) the distinction of preinvasive from invasive adenocarcinoma; (3) the definition and significance of microinvasive adenocarcinoma; (4) the recognition of benign lesion that may mimic adenocarcinoma; (5) the identification and behavior of the most common types of invasive adenocarcinomas. To successfully carry out these tasks the pathologist needs: a good knowledge of the above mentioned problems and a good command of modern ancillary techniques. This paper discusses also some etiologic and risk factors such as sexual activity, parity, smoking and using of oral contraceptives. Particular attention is focused to HPV infection as etiological and diagnostic problem and to distinction of the preinvasive and microinvasive forms of adenocarcinoma.

Proteomic analysis of ovine muscle hypertrophy.

Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to investigate the effects of a QTL for muscle hypertrophy on sarcoplasmic protein expression in ovine muscles. In the Belgian Texel breed, the QTL for muscle hypertrophy is localized in the myostatin-encoding gene. Based on microsatellite markers flanking the myostatin gene, we compared the hypertrophied genotype with the normal genotype. The average age of the sheep was 3 mo. Among the 4 muscles studied, in the hypertrophied genotype only the vastus medialis was normal, whereas the semimembranosus, tensor fasciae latae, and LM were hypertrophied. In the hypertrophied genotype, these muscles showed upregulation of enzymes involved in glycolytic metabolism together with oxidative metabolism in LM. Certain chaperone proteins, including glutathione S-transferase-Pi, heat shock protein-27, and heat shock cognate-70, were also more highly expressed, probably due to increased use of energetic pathways. Expression of the iron transport protein transferrin was increased. Alpha-1-antitrypsin was the only protein showing a similar pattern of expression (i.e., less expressed) in all 4 muscles of the hypertrophied genotype. It is suggested that transferrin and alpha-1-antitrypsin may interact to reinforce myogenic proliferative signaling.

Development and prospects of people's care in the social homes.

The article analyses one of the specialized activities of nurses - the care for mentally handicapped people in Holland and Bulgaria. The attention is focused on its deficiency in the social homes, substantiating the necessity of the nursing specialization which seems unfamiliar to us and at the same time already well-established in Europe - the social nurse. The major aims of the Bulgarian-Dutch project in this direction have been defined; coordinator from Bulgarian side is the Medical College in Vratsa.

Chemical and structural changes in dry-cured hams (Bayonne hams) during processing and effects of the dehairing technique.

Pigs of similar genetic backgrounds and feeding regimes were slaughtered in two abattoirs, one carrying out dehairing by scalding and the other by singeing. One ham from each of 80 carcasses was retained. Sixteen fresh hams (8 from each dehairing technique) were used for analysis while 64 hams were processed into dry-cured ham. Sixteen hams (8 from each dehairing technique) were taken for analysis at end of salting (day 14), end of rest (day 78), mid-processing (day 127) and end of processing (day 251). During processing, the water content of all muscles decreased while the salt content increased. The salt concentration in muscle water tended to equalize in all muscles. The nitrogen content of desalted dry matter (i.e. dry muscle tissue) decreased in both Biceps femoris and Semimembranosus. The content of every free amino acid increased with time, except for taurine and glutamine. Electrophoresis of the low ionic strength-soluble fractions showed all protein bands decreased during processing. Electrophoresis of the myofibrillar fractions indicated changes in all bands except actin (42kDa). These changes were more marked in the Semimembranosus than the Biceps femoris in the earlier processing steps. Ultrastructural changes were more marked in Semimembranosus than Biceps femoris. Hardness and chewiness increased in both muscles during the first half of processing then returned to values close to the initial ones in Semimembranosus but changed little in Biceps femoris. The scalded hams lost more weight than the singed ones during processing. The salt content was higher in scalded hams. Water-soluble nitrogen and NPN were higher in singed hams at the end of processing. The scalded hams were saltier and pungent. They had more pronounced aromas of dry ham, rancidity and hazelnut, and less aroma of fresh meat. Their texture was drier and less mellow.

Influence of age at slaughter, rearing technique and pre-slaughter treatment on some quality traits of lamb meat.

The influences of rearing technique and age on muscle fibre type, and of rearing technique, age and pre-slaughter transport on the meat quality characteristics of sheep were investigated using thirty lambs of a Bulgarian coarse-fleeced breed (Karakatchanska). The animals were reared on pasture or in barns and slaughtered at 22 or 30 weeks of age. Muscle fibre type and meat quality were studied in three muscles of different metabolic type-Longissimus dorsi (LD), Supraspinatus (SS) and Rectus abdominis (RA). Fibre type distribution was influenced by age but not by rearing technique. Pigment content of muscles was higher in older animals. Water binding capacity (WBC) increased-and cooking loss decreased-with age. There was an interaction between muscle and pre-slaughter stress with respect to pH, the latter being increased in SS muscle, as was WBC. Cooking loss was decreased by transport stress in the three muscles and by pre-slaughter stress. However, meat organoleptic characteristics (flavour, tenderness and juiciness, as judged by a taste panel) were not influenced by age, rearing technique or pre-slaughter treatment.